The first universal exhibition after the Second World War, Expo 58 in Brussels, celebrated the ‘evaluation of the world for a more humane world’. The re-established peace was promoted, even if the traumas of the war were still fresh. Scientific progress was the central theme, as shown through the inaugural speech of Belgian King Baudouin I: ‘More than ever, civilisation appears to be conditioned by science. Forces that no one a quarter of a century ago would have dared to imagine are now available to mankind.’ The King, like many others, still argued that the value of science and technology should depend on how it is used.
This was especially true for atomic power, which had had devastating consequences following its use in Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of the recent war. It was therefore civil nuclear power that was given pride of place at Expo 58. As an American newspaper predicted in January 1957: ‘The atomic age is going to have its first world’s fair’. Nuclear power was indeed seen everywhere throughout the fair, from the colonial section, where the focus was on uranium from the (still Belgian) Congo, to the International Science Palace of which ‘the Atom: nuclear physics and atomistics’ was one of the four main parts.
Nevertheless, its main symbol was of course the Atomium, the fair’s flagship monument, reproducing an elementary iron crystal enlarged 165 billion times. Four of its nine spheres contained an exhibition on the peaceful applications of nuclear energy, opening with the slogan ‘Atom: Hope’.